Each content badge will consist of the following elements located in TopHat and Blackboard:. These courses use TopHat and Blackboard. TopHat works through a student-paid subscription service.
Students will be required to create an account and purchase a subscription to TopHat. Additional information is in the course syllabus and in Blackboard. You may enroll at any time and have months to complete this online course. The college credits you earn will be recorded on your transcript in the semester you register. You'll take this online course at your own pace. List the organs and specific structures involved in theabsorption of each nutrient. Relate the regional cell-level specializations withinthe digestive system to changing functions along the length of the GI tract.
Module Digestive Homeostasis Explain how the digestive system relates to other bodysystems to maintain homeostasis. Unit Cardiovascular System Module Cardiovascular System Introduction Explain how the cardiovascular system performs the function of moving material through the body. Identify major diseases associated with the cardiovascular system and their causes. Module Cardiovascular Structures and Functions Contrast the vasculature of the systemic and pulmonary circuits.
Define blood pressure BP and describe factors that influence blood pressure. Define venous return and describe how skeletal muscles and the respiratory pump help maintain venous return. Describe the cardiac cycle and all of its phases. Describe the conduction system of the heart, including the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating aspects of cardiac conduction. Describe the different modes of transport that molecules may take during capillary exchange.
Relate imbalances in capillary exchange to edema. Identify the waveforms in a normal ECG and relate them to the activity of the conduction system of the heart. Module Cardiovascular Levels of Organization Describe common changes of the circulatory system related to aging. Describe the anatomical structure of the arteries in the body and relate it with their function.
Describe the anatomical structure of the veins in the body and relate it with their function. Describe the anatomical structures of the heart and major blood vessels entering and leaving the heart. Relate the features of these structures to blood flow into, out of, and through the heart.
Describe the anatomy of the aorta and its major branches and relate it with their functions. Describe the basic process of hematopoiesis, where it occurs, and the significance of the pluripotent stem cell hemocytoblast in the process. Describe the features of blood that give it the characteristics of a connective tissue. Describe the functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes as well as the two major subtypes of lymphocytes T and B. Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions, and where in the body they are produced.
Describe the phases of hemostasis. Describe the properties of the vessel wall layers tunica interna, media, externa and associate each with the function of different vessel types. Describe the structure and function of arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules. Describe the structure and function of platelets. Identify the function of red blood cells and describe the life cycle of red blood cells, including how and where iron and heme are recycled, as well as the resulting breakdown products.
Identify the microscopic features of erythrocytes red blood cells , the five types of leukocytes white blood cells , and thrombocytes platelets. Identify the three kinds of cells that make up the myocardium and describe the role of each in the physiology of muscle contraction. Identify the types of cells associated with blood vessels and relate them to the different properties of blood vessels.
Module Cardiovascular Homeostasis Describe factors that could disrupt homeostasis of the cardiovascular system and predict the types of homeostatic imbalances that would occur.
Explain how the cardiovascular system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis through autoregulation. Module Cardiovascular System Integration of Systems Describe the determinants of blood flow to an organ or tissue. Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of cardiac output. Identify the hormones involved in regulating blood volume flow and blood pressure and the role they play in these processes. Describe the mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation.
Describe the structure and function of the the respiratory conducting zone and respiratory zone. Describe how the structure of these macromolecules allow the structures of the respiratory system to perform their functions.
Describe the changes in epithelial and connective tissue seen in various portions of the air passageways and relate these changes to function. Describe the four respiratory processes — ventilation, external respiration gas exchange at lung , internal respiration gas exchange at body tissues , and cellular respiration. Explain the mechanisms of gas transport in the blood. Module Respiratory Homeostasis Explain and analyze respiratory homeostatic mechanisms. Module Urinary Structures and Functions Define countercurrent multiplication and countercurrent exchange, and describe how this relates to urine formation.
Describe the last portion of urine transport and collection for elimination. Describe the micturition reflex and the voluntary and involuntary neural control of micturition. Describe the process of tubular reabsoption including specific transport mechanisms, including active transport and osmosis. Describe the process of tubular secretion. Identify and describe the functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Module Urinary Levels of Organization Define the chemical properties of urine and their functions. Describe normal urine composition. Describe the anatomy and the detailed histology of the nephron. Describe the internal and external structure of the kidney, including its location, support structures and covering.
Identify the major blood vessels associated with the kidney. Identify, and describe the structure and location of, the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Module Urinary Homeostasis Explain and analyze urinary homeostatic mechanisms. Identify and describe the factors regulating and altering urine volume and composition, including the renin-angiotensin system and the roles of aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and the natriuretic peptides.
Module Urinary System Integration of Systems Compare the excretory systems of the body Unit Lymphatic System Module Lymphatic System Introduction Describe the lymphatic system: list the major organs and structures, describe the major functions, and use anatomical planes and directional terms to identify organs and their relationships to each other.
Explore some common misconceptions about the lymphatic system. Recognize Big Ideas seen in the workings of individual components of the Lymphatic System and Immunity. Module Lymphatic Structures and Functions Compare and contrast interstitial fluid and lymph. Compare and contrast lymphatic vessels and blood vessels in terms of structure and function.
Describe the mechanisms of lymph formation and circulation. Describe the path of lymph circulation. Describe early events in the history of immunology in relation to current understanding of immunity. Describe the major functions of the lymphatic system. Define immunity. Identify dysfunction associated with the lymphatic circulation. Identify major diseases associated with the lymphatic system and their causes.
Module Lymphatic Levels of Organization Compare and contrast innate defenses with adaptive defenses. Analyze ways in which the innate and adaptive immunity cooperate to enhance the overall resistance to disease.
Compare and contrast interstitial fluid and lymph. Describe the basic structure and cellular composition of lymphatic tissues and correlate them to the overall functions of the lymphatic system. Define and describe location of antigens and antigen receptors. Discuss the source of antigen receptor diversity.
Define and describe location of major histocompatibility complex MHC. Define and describe the functional role of the important cytokines participating in the immune response. Define and describe the roles of various types of white blood cells in the innate and adaptive immune response and correlate them to the overall functions of the lymphatic system. Describe antibody structure, list the five classes of antibodies and functional features that distinguish each class.
Describe how histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and complement contribute to flammation. Describe the basic structure and function of chemical molecules of the lymphatic system and correlate it to the overall functions of lymphatic system. Describe the mechanisms of inflammation initiation. Summarize the cells and chemicals involved in the inflammatory process.
List and explain the cause of the four cardinal signs of inflammation. Explain the benefits of inflammation. Describe the origin and roles of various white blood cells in innate immunity. Describe the steps involved in phagocytosis and give examples of phagocytic cells in the body.
Describe the types of defensive mechanisms of innate immunity such as barriers, phagocytosis, inflammation and fever. Distinguish between innate and adaptive immunity. Distinguish the various types of lymphocytes including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, B cells, plasma cells and memory cells. Distinguish between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Describe the immunological memory response.
Explain how interferons, complement and tranferrins function as antimicrobial chemicals. Explain how the kinin-kallikrein and complement systems aid in the inflammatory response.
Describe the mechanism and benefits of fever and the role of pyrogens. Identify the lymphatic organs and correlate them to the overall functions of the of the lymphatic system. Identify and describe the gross anatomical and microscopic anatomy of each organ.
Describe the location and function of each organ. Integrate the levels of organization in the lymphatic system and their functional interconnections. Name the barriers and describe their anatomic, chemical and microbiological mechanisms of defense. Name the cells of the adaptive immune response and correlate their function to the overall functions of the adaptive immune response.
Name the cells of the innate immune response and correlate their function to the overall functions of the innate immune response. Compare and contrast mechanisms of antigen challenge and the clonal selection processes and defense mechanisms. Explain the role of antigen-presenting cells APCs.
Distinguish and describe the processing of exogenous and endogenous antigens and provide examples of APCs. Explore the condition and symptoms of B-Cell Chronic Leukemia using concepts and vocabulary from the Lymphatic System unit. Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the lymphatic system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body, particularly related to the diseases presented in the introduction.
Module Lymphatic System Integration of Systems Explain how the lymphatic system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis. Compareand contrast the anatomical features of the spinal cord in the cervical, thoracic and lumbarregions. Contrast the relative position of gray matter and white matter inthe spinal cord with the corresponding arrangement of gray and white matter in thebrain.
Correlate forebrain regions to their majorfunctions s. Correlate hindbrain and midbrain regions totheir major function s. Describe the basic overall structure of the humanbrain.
Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nervesand specify their location relative to the anatomy of the vertebralcolumn. Explain the roles of CSF, ventricles, and the blood brainbarrier. Identify how spinal structures relate to each other: tract,root, ganglion, nerve, ramus, plexus. Identify the location of major brainregions. Compare the somatic and autonomic nervoussystems.
Compare the structure of myelinated vs. Distinguish between white matter and gray matter. Contrast the anatomy of theparasympathetic and sympathetic systems. Contrast the relative concentrations of ions in bodysolutions inside and outside of a cell sodium, potassium, calcium and chlorideions.
Describe examples of specific effectors dually innervatedby the autonomic nervous system and explain how each branch influences function in a giveneffector. Describe major parasympathetic and sympatheticphysiological effects on target organs. Describe the local organization of each of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, including the pattern of innervation of target glands, organs, and tissues.
Describe the transmembrane potential or voltage across thecell membrane and how it is measured. Explain action potential. Explain how a local electrical response in aneuron membrane is caused by stimulation. Explain how a single neurotransmitter may havedifferent effects at different postsynapticcells. Explain synaptic transmission in terms of the structuraland functional features of electrical and chemical synapses.
Explain temporal and spatial summation of synapticpotentials and discuss how action potentials differ from synaptic potentials. Explain the role of the autonomic nervous system as amotor division of the nervous system. Identify neurons based on anatomical features: unipolar,bipolar, multipolar and anaxonic and based on functional properties: sensory, motor,interneuron. Identify the four classes of neurotransmitters andidentify the most common excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Identify the neurotransmitters released bypreganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervoussystems and describe their effects. Identify the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells at asynapse. Interpret a graph showing the voltage vs. List the four types of CNS glial cells and describe theirfunction.
List the two types of PNS glial cells and describe theirfunction. That being said, the professor I had was very fair. He didn't curve grades, but he looked at how the class did overall and adjusted your grade. He didn't adjust from a C to an A but he added a few points here and there.
There were things that made the online class more difficult. For instance there were no videotaped lectures. That was fine for a lot of the material, but there were certain concepts that were difficult to understand just through reading.
For me, the chapter on acid base balance was hard to get. Thank goodness for the internet! There are plenty of lectures on YouTube and the Khan Academy helped too with things like cellular respiration and meiosis.
So there are ways of getting around not having lectures. Another thing that was difficult was, as I said above, the tests. In other face-to-face classes you got a sense of what the professor felt was most important and what you would probably be tested on. In the online class you never really knew what was important. You had to be prepared for anything. The only thing I ever figured out, with regards to the tests, was that the first couple of pages in the chapter where the author gives you a general outline would never show up on the test, it was just too general.
Loved my professor. He was very approachable and easy to communicate with. I don't think I received any less of an education than someone in a classroom setting, and since everyone is entitled to an opinion, that's mine. As a side note I took the TEAS V a few weeks ago and the questions with regards to anatomy seemed so simple I thought they might be a trick questions. May 15, From reading this, I'm definitely taking it in a classroom.
Online seems impossible. I've taken online classes but I prefer classroom classes for the sciences at least. I've also been explicitly told by a couple schools that they don't accept online classes for their science pre-reqs.
I would rather not limit myself in which schools would accept me and which ones wouldn't. If you live near the school, they may not know it is online if it is a local school but I'm sure they could find out and they may even know which teachers are online teachers. I'd also personally rather leave the bacterias and the body parts at school than keep them at home in my fridge :. I've taken online classes where it's possible to take the exams and get an A without doing any reading or any learning, which is why for those particular classes, I always recommend the in person class if you can.
I would be more than willing to recommend those online classes if the exams had been written in the way that Sundance71 describes -- where you have to really KNOW the material because the question are written such that it's impossible to look up all the answer options in the time given for each question. Either they are working full time and taking a couple pre-reqs or are taking a full courseload and working part time, and suddenly, when there's a time crunch, their class with the moderately easy open book exams is the one that they let slide each day or each week until suddenly their next exam is upon them and they are taking the test just by being a fast reader.
When they get a high B or even an A without having read anything, it makes it even harder to want to push themselves to learn the material, even knowing the material will be important to their future. They end up having to play catch up later in the program -- when they have even LESS time than they had during their pre-req terms.
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