UHF is ideal for applications such as supply chain market where longer read distances are required. UHF operates, primarily, in MHz range allowing for shorter antennas and longer read distances. Reader-tag communication is implemented using backs-scatter technology.
In this method, tag communicates with the reader by modulating the received signal and radiating it back to the reader. This scheme is fundamentally different than the inductive-coupling method used in HF systems. Moreover, the anti-collision simultaneous reads feature implementation in UHF is achieved using a protocol based on bit broadcasting as opposed to HF protocol that operates based on the time slot concept.
Still, longer read distance becomes a disadvantage in applications such as banking and access control. Current UHF passive tags are designed for wideband operation. Inlays are designed to operate globally, delivering global operation from to MHz. This enables the same inlay to be used successfully at the diverse frequencies of the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa. World tags allow companies to manufacture products on one continent and ship worldwide utilizing a single RFID inlay.
The RFID industry is on the verge of a breakthrough. The market has passed its infancy and there is no doubt that this technology is going to revolutionize the way we live. RFID will add intelligence to objects and that will change the way people interact with them.
There is no single RFID technology capable of working in all the applications. Different RFID technologies will be complementing each other, each serving functions that most suit its characteristics. The purpose of standardization is to define the most efficient platform on which an industry can operate and advance. There are several organizations involved in drafting standards for RFID technology.
Most of the work has been through various sub-groups of Joint Technical Committee One JTC14 which is responsible for drafting standards for information technology.
In , several universities sponsored by the consumer product industry formed Auto Id Center with a mandate to advance RFID technology. Low frequency is the oldest adopted RFID technology, which has been implemented mostly in manufacturing and agricultural applications.
Thus far, there has been little work done in terms of standardization in the low frequency arena. This is mainly due to the fact that most of these implementations have been in closed-loop and controlled environments. In the agriculture sector, however, the nature of animal tracking has required some standardization. ISO , and are the notable standards in the low frequency technology that has been in use for some time in animal tracking. ISO and are specifically designed for animal tracking and work in tandem.
In brief, ISO defines the data structure of the animal tag. In this standard, animals can be identified by country code and unique national ID. There are also provisions to use a manufacturer code in place of the country code. ISO is concerned with the technical aspects of reader-tag communication. There are several shortcomings in these two standards that have limited its widespread usage but they have proven effective where implemented.
ISO has renewed its efforts to develop standards for the low frequency. The series encompass all different frequencies. ISO was finalized and published in This is the standard defining parameters for air interface communications below KHz, that is, the LF range. Amongst all the different RFID technologies, high frequency has the most established and commonly used standards.
This could be attributed to the fact that ISO was published in defining parameters for vicinity RFID cards, generally used in applications that require read ranges of more than 10 cm. The specifications have been organized in three separate parts covering physical characteristic, air interface and communication protocol.
This standard is organized much the same way as the standard defining similar parameters in different parts of the standard. The main difference between these two standards is their intended application. ISO, because of its short read distance and encryption capabilities, is more suitable for applications where security is a serious concern such as electronic payment, banking and financial transactions. Although ISO and are the established standards and have worked well so far, some industry experts are of the opinion that they do not address all the issues.
ISO is the new standard for This standard was published in after 3 years of deliberation. It has two versions, with version 1 being very similar to ISO At present, there is no globally accepted frequency within the UHF band, due to restriction in different regions of the world.
Realizing that RFID will not have access to a uniform worldwide frequency in the UHF band, the industry has come to terms with this fact and have started developing products that are either specific to the region or able to work with different frequencies. This standard defines parameters for air interface and communications. As in the case of other series standards, part 6 covers all technical aspects of RFID communications in great detail. As mentioned above, series defines the air interface parameters for different frequencies in parts and part 1 covers general parameters common to them.
A global network will be implemented to make every item visible throughout the supply chain. A great amount of research and development resources have been invested in creating specification and standardization of the EPC tags and the required infrastructure. Currently, class 0 and class 1 tags are commercially available. Class 0 EPC tags have a factory programmed 96 bit code whereas class 1 facilitates user programmable codes. It has also created detailed specifications for the structure of the bit code flexible enough to incorporate other coding standards currently in use in the supply chain.
However, both of these methods require a significant amount of manual labor. One way to quickly improve asset management is by utilizing radio frequency identification RFID technology to automatically track those assets.
Whether you are talking about office equipment in a multi-story building, wheelchairs and IV pumps in a large hospital, tools and equipment in a factory , or pumping equipment in far-flung oil fields, RFID can provide accurate, real-time tracking data for fixed and mobile assets.
There are two general categories of RFID tags : active and passive. The type of RFID tag you choose depends on what you want to accomplish and the type of capabilities you are looking for. Passive RFID tags are one of two general categories of radio frequency identification tags. They are typically smaller and less expensive than active tags, although their read ranges are shorter. The signal sent by the reader and antenna is used to power on the tag and reflect the energy back to the reader.
The flexibility and cost-effectiveness of passive RFID tags makes it possible to attach or embed them to a wider range of objects than active tags. UHF ultra-high frequency passive tags are commonly used for item-level tracking of pharmaceuticals and consumer goods. Active RFID tags are one of the two general categories of radio frequency identification tags.
They are typically larger and more expensive than passive tags, and offer longer read ranges that in some cases can extend up to m. However, active tags typically have a more limited lifespan than passive tags. There are two types of active RFID tags: beacons and transponders.
Beacon tags are very common in the oil and gas industry, as well as mining and cargo tracking applications. Tasked with weathering harsh environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures and moisture, most active RFID tags are encased in a rugged shell.
Because of the size of the enclosed battery, circuitry, and bulk of a durable exterior, active RFID tags are usually much larger than passive tags. Also, some active tags may have on-board sensors that track environmental parameters. These sensors can track moisture levels, temperature, and other key identifiers that a company can use for their application. All these additional features translate to increased costs for the customer, but the return on investment of a system may far outweigh the initial costs.
Given the required investment of an active RFID system , active tags are usually reserved for tracking high worth assets or for items where accurate location tracking is necessary to the success of the system.
A few examples of these type of assets are pipes, cargo containers, and machinery. While new applications for active RFID systems appear daily, these systems are usually used in the oil and gas industry, shipping and logistics, construction, mining, and high-value manufacturing. While both active and passive RFID technologies use radio frequencies to communicate information, each is very different, and likewise, possess different qualities well suited for varying applications.
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This frequency is typically used with animal tracking because it is not affected much by water or metal. This frequency is used with data transmissions, access control applications, DVD kiosks, and passport security — applications that do not require a long read range.
This frequency is typically used with race timing, IT asset tracking, file tracking, and laundry management as all these applications typically need more than a meter of read range.
However, BLE technology is still in its infancy and requires a significant drop in cost for it to become ubiquitous. RFID asset tracking improves your asset management operations by giving you back speed and control.
Attain compliance with audits with ease. Find out more about what the benefits of fixed asset rfid tracking are and how you can leverage them.
Tracking fixed assets is easy with itemit. Find out more about how your business can leverage the benefits of an RFID fixed asset tracking system. How does one work? Learn more here.
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