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J Pediatr , Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Management of herpes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, However, most people do not have any symptoms. Most people with oral herpes were infected during childhood or young adulthood from non-sexual contact with saliva. Oral herpes caused by HSV-1 can be spread from the mouth to the genitals through oral sex. This is why some cases of genital herpes are caused by HSV Genital herpes is common in the United States.
More than one out of every six people aged 14 to 49 years have genital herpes. You can get genital herpes by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the disease. If you do not have herpes, you can get infected if you come into contact with the herpes virus in:. You can get herpes from a sex partner who does not have a visible sore or who may not know he or she is infected.
It is also possible to get genital herpes if you receive oral sex from a sex partner who has oral herpes. You will not get herpes from toilet seats, bedding, or swimming pools, or from touching objects around you such as silverware, soap, or towels. If you have additional questions about how herpes is spread, consider discussing your concerns with a healthcare provider. If you are sexually active, you can do the following things to lower your chances of getting genital herpes:.
Be aware that not all herpes sores occur in areas that are covered by a latex condom. Also, herpes virus can be released shed from areas of the skin that do not have a visible herpes sore. For these reasons, condoms may not fully protect you from getting herpes. If you are in a relationship with a person known to have genital herpes, you can lower your risk of getting genital herpes if:.
If you are pregnant and have genital herpes, it is very important for you to go to prenatal care visits. Tell your doctor if you have ever had symptoms of, or have been diagnosed with, genital herpes.
Also tell your doctor if you have ever been exposed to genital herpes. There is some research that suggests that genital herpes infection may lead to miscarriage, or could make it more likely for you to deliver your baby too early. Herpes infection can be passed from you to your unborn child before birth but is more commonly passed to your infant during delivery.
This can lead to a potentially deadly infection in your baby called neonatal herpes. It is important that you avoid getting herpes during pregnancy. If you are pregnant and have genital herpes, you may be offered anti-herpes medicine towards the end of your pregnancy. This medicine may reduce your risk of having signs or symptoms of genital herpes at the time of delivery.
At the time of delivery, your doctor should carefully examine you for herpes sores. Most people who have genital herpes have no symptoms, or have very mild symptoms. HSV-1 and HSV-2 are genetically similar , so the immune system of a person with herpes will produce antibodies to fight one infectious agent and potentially reduce the risk of contracting the other.
HSV-1 causes oral herpes. It is usually transmissible through kissing or the sharing of drinks and utensils. Most people with HSV-1 acquired it during childhood through nonsexual contact and by kissing family members and friends.
Less commonly, HSV-1 may transmit to the mucous membranes of the genital area through mouth-to-genital contact during oral sex. Learn more about the link between kissing and herpes here.
People with the virus may display no symptoms or very mild symptoms, or they may mistake their symptoms for those of a different illness. However, the virus remains transmissible, even if the symptoms are not obvious. Once transmission occurs, any initial symptoms will usually appear within 2 weeks of exposure, according to the ASHA. This is known as the primary outbreak. It may be more severe and last longer than future outbreaks.
However, symptoms may take several days, weeks, or months to develop after a person acquires the infectious agent. Learn more about how to recognize herpes symptoms here. Therefore, it is important to reduce the risk of transmission. Looking for physical symptoms of herpes infections is not always effective. Also, using a condom or dental dam does not guarantee prevention, as a barrier cannot cover all areas that herpes can use to pass from the skin to a mucous membrane.
Although HSV-2 can sometimes pass from person to person through oral sex, this is rare. Even when a person does not observe any active symptoms, it is still possible for HSV to pass from one person to another. There is currently no cure available for HSV, so it is best to take preventive measures against transmission, such as using barrier contraception and possibly taking regular medication. Although the symptoms can be painful and uncomfortable and precautions are necessary to prevent transmission, it is possible to live a full, sexually active life with HSV.
Any person who suspects that they have contracted HSV2 should speak to a doctor. They can advise people who have acquired HSV on strategies to manage the virus, ways to reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks, and methods for preventing further transmission. It is possible to contract many STIs through oral sex, including herpes, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Learn more about the conditions and prevention.
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